{"id":7605,"date":"2022-10-14T12:56:47","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T11:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bio-grow.com\/?p=7605"},"modified":"2022-10-14T12:56:47","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T11:56:47","slug":"horti-05-uncertain-times-for-greenhouse-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bio-grow.com\/en\/news\/horti-05-uncertain-times-for-greenhouse-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"HORTI+ 05: Uncertain times for greenhouse energy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Because of the energy crisis, greenhouse horticulturists are heading for uncertain times. Greenhouses consume nine per cent of the natural gas in the Netherlands, and alternatives are not readily available. \u2018But the heating requirements of a typical horticultural business can be halved\u2019.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Growers of tomatoes, cut flowers and pot plants are no different from the average household; their greenhouses use a lot of gas and electricity, especially in winter, for heating and lighting the plants. Prices have recently risen rapidly, especially since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine and the reduction in gas supplies from Russia. Whether or not this will put horti\u00adculturalists in the red depends mainly on how long this energy crisis lasts, according to a survey by greenhouse horticulture organization Glastuinbouw Nederland. Before 2022, 75 per cent of the greenhouse horticulture companies had fixed the price for at least some of their energy in longer-term contracts with energy providers. Nevertheless, 38 per cent of greenhouse horticulturalists expect to have difficulty paying their bills by the end of 2022. Some growers decided last winter to heat less, switch off the lights or not to use all their greenhouses.<\/p>\n

WINTER BREAK OR NOT <\/strong><\/p>\n

Many more may do this next winter. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy is working on a shutdown plan for Dutch businesses, should real short\u00adages occur. The plan includes compensation for green\u00adhouse horticulture companies that voluntarily reduce their energy consumption. This will enable growers to assess what would be the most economically sound course of action: to continue growing plants through the winter or to take a break.<\/p>\n

\u2018That is the kind of thing entrepreneurs are wondering about under the present circumstances,\u2019 says Frank Kempkes, a researcher in Energy and Greenhouse Climate at Wageningen University & Research in Bleiswijk. He is the project leader of a number of dem\u00adonstration greenhouses showcasing how greenhouse horticulture can be more energy efficient. \u2018At the current gas price of around two euros per cubic metre, you can\u2019t really break even anymore. There have already been rose growers who turned off the heat in their greenhouses last winter. Roses can withstand such a period perfectly well, but other types of cut flowers cannot. Potted plants can be kept a little cooler for a few months, but you can\u2019t turn the heat off completely. And it will delay growth and mess up the company\u2019s planning.\u2019<\/p>\n

Growers have to decide far in advance what risks they want to take with a crop, says Kempkes. \u2018For an illumi\u00adnated tomato crop, the young plants are moved into the greenhouse at the beginning of August and harvesting starts early October. Once the plants are established, and you have been investing in substrate, fertilization and care for months, you cannot just turn off the heat when the price of gas goes up. You will suffer massive losses if you do.\u2019<\/p>\n

The demonstration greenhouses in Bleiswijk have shown in the past few years that considerable energy savings are possible in, for example, the cultivation of strawberries, gerbera, freesia and pot anthurium. Experience has been gained with better insulation, heat pumps, efficient LED lighting, dehumidification and precision climate control. One of the challenges of op\u00adtimum insulation with little ventilation is air humidity, which can cause fungal infections if it gets too high.<\/p>\n

\u2018For the freesias, we have adjusted the lighting better to the growth stage,\u2019 says Kempkes. \u2018A young plant gets lit\u00adtle light, and a big one more, up to a certain maximum. By doing that, we have significantly reduced electricity consumption for the lamps, and growers have become more aware that more light is often pointless.\u2019<\/p>\n

GREEN ELECTRICITY <\/strong><\/p>\n

The demonstration greenhouses do not use gas: their heating and lighting are electric. And that is the way to go, Kempkes thinks. \u2018Preferably on green electricity, but that is either not available or not affordable yet, and it is impossible for individual growers to organize it with wind turbines and solar panels on their own land. Hydrogen is an option as a fuel, but that is still a distant prospect. And in a lot of future scenarios, hydrogen is seen as primarily an energy source for industries that work with very high temperatures,\u00a0such as the chemical, glass and steel industries.\u2019<\/p>\n

Greenhouse horticulture has made great strides in energy saving over the past 20 years. More is being pro\u00adduced per square metre using less energy. But there are even more possibilities, says Kempkes. \u2018When you add it all up, the heating requirements of a typical horticultural firm can be halved with insulation, heat recovery and smarter cultivation. Storing heat in the ground can also yield savings, because this technology uses the heat sur\u00adplus in summer to make up for the shortage in winter.\u2019<\/p>\n

A few pioneers have already switched from gas to heat storage. Orchid grower Van der Hoorn in Ter Aar had 15,000 square metres of gas-free greenhouse built in 2006, with lighting provided by green electricity. The cultivation of butterfly orchids takes a year, six months of which are spent at a tropical temperature of 28 de\u00adgrees and six months at 19 degrees to stimulate flower formation. During the cold period, the greenhouse is heated by means of a heat pump, and the resulting cold is stored in the soil to be used in the summer to cool the greenhouse.<\/p>\n

Kempkes: \u2018In the Netherlands, the sun provides the equivalent in energy of 100 cubic metres of natural gas per square metre. Growers consume an average of 30 cubic metres per square metre each year, so the sun sup\u00adplies much more than the horticultural sector needs. Sadly, it is all concentrated in the summer months.\u2019<\/p>\n

SEASONAL HEAT STORAGE <\/strong><\/p>\n

Storing summer heat sounds like the perfect solution, but to Kempkes it is just one of the options for saving energy. \u2018It will be a long time before seasonal storage of heat is standard practice, and it requires big investmentsin equipment and construction. Storage takes place in aquifers in the soil, but you can\u2019t do that everywhere, because the groundwater is sometimes too deep or too fast-flowing, or you are not allowed to used it.\u2019<\/p>\n

Heating is just one of the things growers need to make crops grow and flower properly; artificial lighting is at least as important for many crops. The standard light\u00ading in the greenhouse is a variant of old-fashioned street lighting: the high-pressure sodium lamp. This produces bright orange-yellow light but also a lot of heat, so it is not very efficient. Kempkes: “Modern LED lighting can halve electricity consumption, but it also means a big investment.\u2019<\/p>\n

Finally, greenhouse farmers can consider turning the thermostat down a few degrees, or switching between crops: growing pot plants in winter and peppers in sum\u00admer, for example. Kempkes: \u2018You can grow many crops at colder temperatures, but it also slows their growth, and lowers both yields and quality. The consumer won\u2019t like that. We switch crops in our demo greenhouse, but in daily practice that is not easy. Pot plants are often grown on concrete floors and sometimes even on tables. Taking out all the tables for six months is a big job, be\u00adsides the extra investment.\u2019<\/p>\n

COPING WITH SETBACKS <\/strong><\/p>\n

Investing in glasshouse horticulture presents entrepre\u00adneurs with difficult choices, says Pepijn Smit, a research\u00ader at Wageningen Economic Research and author and project leader of the annual Energy Monitor for Dutch Greenhouse Horticulture. \u2018On the one hand, the sector wants to stop being dependent on natural gas as soon as possible. On the other hand, that first has to be feasible, not least financially. There are dark clouds hanging over the sector\u2019s future. Growers don\u2019t know what will hap\u00adpen this winter, let alone in the next two years. Some companies still have reserves for coping with setbacks, but they are not inexhaustible either.\u2019 And that is in spite of the fact that the sector has developed well, says Smit. \u2018The upscaling and professionalization of recent years have made it possible to invest in sustainable solutions.\u2019<\/p>\n

The Energy Monitor for Dutch Greenhouse Horticulture provides an annual overview of the energy accounts of Dutch greenhouse horticulture and the energy sources it uses. Smit: \u2018The use of sustainable energy has grown steadily, as has the purchase of en\u00adergy such as residual heat from industry, which means the greenhouses do not themselves emit CO2.\u2019 Since 2010, the proportion of energy that is sustainable has increased from 2 to 10 per cent. \u2018If you want that pro\u00adportion to grow even further, you need alternatives that are available and affordable. Affordable sustainable electricity should be one of them.\u2019<\/p>\n

According to Smit, the role of electricity is sometimes forgotten in discussions about greenhouses and gas consumption. Lighting is essential for year-round pro\u00adduction. Growers use combined heat and power (CHP) for this purpose: a mini power station with an efficient gas turbine that produces electricity, hot water and car\u00adbon dioxide for the growth, all of which benefit produc\u00adtion. In addition, a significant amount of the electricity produced by CHP is sold for use by other energy con\u00adsumers in the Netherlands.<\/p>\n

SELLING ELECTRICITY <\/strong><\/p>\n

In terms of energy consumption and costs \u2013 1.3 bil\u00adlion euros annually \u2013 the greenhouse horticulture sector is up there with the chemical industry and oil refineries, writes the ABN AMRO bank in a recent re\u00adport. Greenhouse horticulture is a major consumer, accounting for nine per cent of the natural gas in the Netherlands. Three-quarters of that gas fuels combinedheat and power plants, which cover no less than 11 per cent of the country\u2019s electricity needs. Smit: \u2018The green\u00adhouse horticulture sector sells more electricity than it uses itself, particularly at times of peak demand in the network, for example on winter mornings or when there is less wind or solar power available. CHP plants can respond very fast to changes in electricity consumption, much faster than a coal-fired plant.\u2019<\/p>\n

That is food for thought, says Smit: if you get the green\u00adhouse horticulture sector off the gas, growers will have to source their electricity, heat and carbon dioxide for growth elsewhere. \u2018If electricity from a power station is expensive, it may be more attractive to buy expensive natural gas and convert it into heat and electricity in CHP plants. Cogeneration (CHP) in greenhouse horti\u00adculture is remarkably efficient, with a utilization rate of over 90 per cent.\u2019<\/p>\n

At present, cogeneration, combining heat and power, has several commercial advantages, says Smit. If gas consumption and emissions in greenhouse horticulture are to be reduced, more sustainable electricity, heat and CO2 must become available. \u2018Once there are affordable alternatives, growers will be happy to switch to them and reduce their gas and CHP consumption.\u2019<\/p>\n

Text by Arno Van \u2019T Hoog (Wageningen University & Research)<\/p>\n

Publication : Wageningen World | 2 | 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Because of the energy crisis, greenhouse horticulturists are heading for uncertain times. Greenhouses consume nine per cent of the natural gas in the Netherlands, and alternatives are not readily available. \u2018But the heating requirements of a typical horticultural business can be halved\u2019. Growers of tomatoes, cut flowers and pot plants are no different from the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHORTI+ 05: Uncertain times for greenhouse energy - Biogrow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bio-grow.com\/en\/news\/horti-05-uncertain-times-for-greenhouse-energy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HORTI+ 05: Uncertain times for greenhouse energy - Biogrow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Because of the energy crisis, greenhouse horticulturists are heading for uncertain times. 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